"This Biography of Black Elk is based on extensive interviews with Lucy Looks Twice, the holy man's last surviving child, as well as others who knew him personally. Michael F Steltenkamp sheds new light on the figure portrayed in Black Elk Speaks as a victim of Western Subjugation, doomed to live out his life as a relic of the past. Instead, Steltenkamp reveals that in 1904 Black Elk was baptized a Catholic and subsequently served as a devoted catechist and missionary to his fellow American Indians until his death in 1950."

By Michael F. Steltenkamp in 1993.